What is Time Travel?

Time Travel: As we all know that we humans consider ourselves unique. 1+1=2, it is a scale created by us to simply simplify the equations. Humans have coded each and everything to make things understandable. Due to this, we forget what our brains are fully capable of acquiring. To understand physical beings, we created dimensions. But do you think only three dimensions are sufficient to understand any event?

Suppose a car is moving on a straight road. Right now it is in 1-D motion. If it takes a left or right turn, this adds up the second dimension. When it moves up or down the hill, it makes the third dimension.

But if we shoot a video of the moving car and fast forward it infinitely, a time will come when it disappears. So how can we prove that there was a car present? Time is the only reasonable answer to it. Time is unity.

Differences in ideologies

Issacs Newton stated that time is like an arrow that once fired cannot be reverted back. It always travels in a forward direction and 1 second on Earth is 1 second everywhere in the universe. But if we take the case of Einstein who said that time is like a river which is filled in between planets and stars and it speeds up and slows down too.

What is General and Special relativity?

The theory of general and special relativity given by Einstein in which he stated certain geometries that might allow traveling to the past or future. He said that the empty space can be curved, what we call gravity is merely a consequence of those waves. He predicted that matter curves space-time and we can see the curvature by following the path of light.

For understanding, we can suppose space as a trampoline and put a heavy object at the center of it and now start rolling marbles across. Most of the marbles cross undeviated but some of them bend as they get close to the dip in the trampoline. This is what happens in the real world and we can trace the presence of curvature in the experiments.

Travel in Time

There are many ways to time travel as predicted by scientists such as through a wormhole, by a black hole or a time machine, etc.
A wormhole also known as the Einstein-Rosen bridge is a pathway that can be visualized as a tunnel with two ends that connect different points in time or space. They are consistent with the general theory of relativity and could connect long distances such as a million light-years or more.

Time Travel | Black Hole

A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that even light cannot escape from it. The boundary of the black hole from where no escape is possible is called the event horizon.

Time slows down near the horizon. So a spaceship circling a black hole will experience a time difference with the people present on Earth and hence travel to the past.

These are all theoretical concepts and none of them have been proved experimentally but what if by some means a person travels back in time. Will there be any consequences?

How many types of Paradoxes in Time Travel

Time paradoxes whether to the past or future are an inherent feature of time travel. Generally, two kinds of events can occur.

1. Grandfather Parado

The first one being Grandfather Parado. To understand this let us take an example. Consider a boy goes to the past and eliminates his parents before he was born or somehow changes the outcome of his birth, then it will result in a paradox and hence will affect the future events going to take place.

2. Casual Loop

The second one is the Casual Loop. It is a paradox in which you send someone in the past to change the incident that has led to the bad happenings in the future but the person sent back is the reason for starting the problems (as in The Terminator movies). Hence it forms a loop in spacetime but the origin is not known.

Solving the Paradoxes

A paradox is solved by finding errors in the given theories. One such method is the Self Consistency Principle. As we see in the upper example when the boy is about to eliminate his parents, there is something that prevents him from killing them.

According to this principle, there are some hidden laws of physics that say we cannot change the events that have happened in the past. But personally, I don’t get it.

What is Multiverse?

Another theory is the concept of the multiverse which suggests that if the boy is about to pull the trigger there forms an alternate timeline i.e. the boy is not killing his parents but killed someone else and entered another universe. This means we can go back and forth in time and change the past but in turn creating new multiverses.

Conclusion

To conclude this argument one can say that time travel is impossible or not likely to happen in
the near future but according to notable physicist Brian Greene:- “The bottom line is that time travel is approved by the laws of Physics”.

It might be possible but the trick is that

• The energy necessary for initiating the time machine or
• To travel at the speed of light cannot be obtained from an atomic bomb but only from an exploding star. This means that it should be an advanced civilization where humans are able to harness the energy of a star.

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Space research has enabled transformations in many areas of science and engineering. It had its major focus on making things work and fulfilling the dreams of man through achievement in technology.

Some examples are television, new ways of communication, and satellites for integrated pictures of Earth. It is becoming a great asset as it enhances the quality of human
life on the planet.

The need for Space Exploration

World’s population today is 7.8 billion and is expected to be 9.7 billion by 2050. Population growth gives rise to water scarcity, energy, natural resources, and increasing damage to nature.

Fossil fuels are going to end in this century. The oil reserves, coal mines, and natural gas are on the verge of depletion. However solar energy from the Sun is a renewable source of energy.

Solar fields and Consumption Rate:

If we increase the area of the solar fields, production will surpass the current consumption rate. But the Sun is present in one place for just 6-8 hours a day whereas space solar power station takes radiation 24 hours every day. Countries should make it a global mission for getting a never-ending renewable energy supply from space.

More than 70% of the Earth is covered with water, but only 1% is available as freshwater suitable for drinking. By 2050, with an increase in population, we will be living under a moderate or extreme scarcity of water.

New sources of clean water

There are ways for providing fresh water either reducing the demand, recycling, or finding new sources of clean water. Here Earth’s observation satellites play an important role by surveying the water bodies and providing data so that water storage during the rainy season can be maximized.

Establishing new supply sources by using reverse osmosis technology on a large scale can be an effective method for providing fresh and safe drinking water. As this process takes up very much energy, it could be done by linking a space solar power station to reverse osmosis technology.

Futures of Space Research- Information about the Atmosphere

In the past decades, space observations through satellites, helium balloons, rockets, and astronomical observatories have provided us with valuable information on the atmosphere.

With this help, we already know that the CO2 content in the atmosphere is going up and it causes global warming.

The solution to

• Start using clean renewable sources of energy.

Many places on the planet experience severe disasters such as cyclones, and earthquakes. This results in destruction and potential loss of life. These are underground phenomena and their prediction from space would be a great challenge.

Futures of Space Research- Prediction of shock waves

Scientists should work together to use satellite deep penetration images for the prediction of shock waves below the surface. This could provide an earlier warning so that people can move to safer places.

This technology can also be used in forecasting landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, and many other natural disasters.

Space Missions and Futures of Space Research

In the 21st century, humans’ approach toward space indicates the world’s next industrial revolution, which may be called the Space Industrial Revolution.

This doesn’t mean that this revolution will only take place in space. It means there will be revolutionary changes for new space systems and also on the planetary level.

The factors which can drive the Space Industrial Revolution can be:-

The Moon provides an ideal environment for large-scale solar power stations. There is no air or water present to degrade the solar panels. 

Other than that it is extremely quiet with no weather changes and no biological processes that affect the equipment.

Seeing the Moon as a potential hub, many countries have sent missions for exploring the surface.

Recently, for the first time in history, NASA astronauts were launched from America in a flight of SpaceX Crew Dragon to the International Space Station.

The dream or we could say the plan of the future as seen by Musk is that anyone can move to Mars with the help of rocket technology and work in colonizing the planet.

Conclusion

Futures of Space Research:

In the space era, Science and Technology have improved our knowledge of Earth and outer space. These technologies have improved the quality of life for humans.

In the coming years, the vision should be to

1. Combine the benefits and help face the issues of energy, water, and the environment.

2. And we have to keep in mind the need to find suitable sustainable habitats in our solar system.

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